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I've stretched on and off for years, but I have to admit that lately
I've been a bit confused as to its true benefits -- and whether or not
it's even worth my time.
And to tell you the truth, the first time I read a study that
stretching was not all that it was cracked up to be -- well, let's just
say I had an extra 10 or 15 minutes of free time every day.
But
I recently became more interested as I watched my daughter wake up and
spend a good 2 or 3 minutes stretching. "Have you ever seen an animal
or person that doesn't stretch? There is something in our bodies that
makes us want to elongate," says Bob Anderson, author of the
best-selling book Stretching.
Stretching is more or less the
unwanted stepchild of fitness. Although it's been heralded for years as
an integral part of fitness programs to decrease the risk of injury,
relieve pain associated with stiffness or muscle soreness, improve
athletic performance, promote relaxation, and reduce stress, it's still
not widely practiced. Meredith Abreu, a former championship rower for
Brown University, sheepishly admitted that she never gave stretching a
thought until she had her first serious injury. "There's nothing quite
like chronic pain to get you motivated," says Abreu.
The primary
purpose of stretching is to increase range of motion -- allowing your
limbs and joints to move further, thereby making them more "flexible."
This occurs by increasing the length of both your muscles and tendons.
But
do we really need to stretch? "Flexibility is one of the four
components of fitness, the others being muscle strength, muscle
endurance, and aerobic capacity," says Dr. Stephen Rice, MD, PhD, a
spokesperson for the American College of Sports Medicine. "Just as not
doing aerobics, strength training, or endurance training is
detrimental, so is forgetting about flexibility. If you're flexible,
limber, and well warmed up each day, your body can readily move through
its range of motion with a minimum effort on your part. But if
inflexible, cold muscles are asked to work to or beyond their maximum
to accomplish what should be an ordinary task, increasing risk of
injury."
Although stretching experts don't agree on everything, most agree on the following:
WARM-UP: It's important to warm-up before stretching even if only
for a few minutes, both to prevent injury and increase the efficacy of
your stretch. "Although activity by itself does not have a major effect
on range of motion, studies consistently show greater range of motion
increases after warm-up followed by stretching than after stretching
alone," says Ian Shrier, MD, PhD, President of the Canadian Academy of
Sport Medicine.
FEEL NO PAIN: Since each person is
unique, the ideal advice is to stretch until you "feel it
working." "We advise patients to stretch until they feel a
certain amount of tension or slight pulling associated with this
length, but no pain," says Dr. Shrier. Thirty seconds is the standard
guideline for how long to hold a stretch, but keep in mind that
"anything is better than nothing -- even 10 seconds," adds Anderson.
SIX WEEKS:
It typically takes about 6 weeks to increase the range of motion on a
particular body area, but again, this varies for each individual.
MAINTENANCE IS KEY:
Stretching helps you maintain flexibility as you get older, so your
objective should be to maintain a certain range of motion over time.
Keep in mind, it is possible to overstretch. "If you're not gifted with
flexibility and are constantly trying to improve your range of motion,
you can overstretch. In fact, many gymnasts and other athletes who
require extreme flexibility tend to overstretch to compensate for their
lack of natural talent. This can be dangerous," says Anderson.
DON'T BOUNCE: There
are three methods of stretching: static (simply holding the stretch
without bouncing), ballistic (bouncing on the stretched area),
proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (contraction, relaxation,
followed by passive stretch -- typically with a partner). Most experts
agree that ballistic stretching can be dangerous, and that individuals
stretching on their own should stick with static stretches.
Of
all the benefits of stretching, the most important is its ability to
make you feel better. "The general wear and tear of daily life
are inescapable and in the same way exercise has been shown to
alleviate stress, flexibility programs may do the same," says Marilyn
Moffat, PT, PhD, FAPTA, CSCS and author of the Book of Body Maintenance
and Repair. She suggests adding deep breathing, music, and a
comfortable support surface to establish a positive environment.
"Stretching allows you to feel alive by keeping you active," says
Anderson.
Dr. Moffat suggests performing at least 5 stretches per day, including:
-Sit
on the floor with your legs extended. Keeping your back straight and
chin in, slowly lean your body forward and attempt to touch the top of
your head to your knees -- hold -- and then return to starting
position.
-Sit in a chair away from the back rest, chin in and
back straight. Bring right hand up and over the right shoulder and the
left hand around the left-hand side of the waist, and up to the middle
of the back. Try to have the hands meet mid-back. Hold, return to
starting position, then reverse.
-Lying on back, bring one knee
to the chest and keep the other leg out straight. Turn head toward the
extended leg. Hold, return to starting position, then reverse.
-Sit
up with back tall and straight, chin in. Bring your right earlobe
toward right shoulder. Reach right hand over head and place it just
above left ear. Pull left arm down and open up fingers as wide as
possible. Hold, return to starting position, then reverse.
-Sit
on the floor with the soles of feet together and heels as close in
toward the buttocks as possible. Keep your back straight and lean
forward. Hold, return to starting position, then reverse.
CHARLES STUART PLATKIN JD MPH is a nutrition and public health
advocate, author of the best seller Breaking the Pattern (Plume, 2005),
Breaking the FAT Pattern (Plume, 2006) and Lighten Up (Penguin
USA/Razorbill, 2006) and founder of Integrated Wellness Solutions.
Copyright 2006 by Charles Stuart Platkin. Sign up for the free The Diet
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