Porcari measured oxygen uptake, calorie expenditure and heart rate in walkers of varying levels of fitness between ages 18 and 72. Participants in the study were asked to walk with and then without the use of weighted belts, called Powerbelts, and walking poles, which are simple devices that resemble ski poles but are designed with rubber knobs at the ends.

According to Porcari, the walking poles increased calorie expenditure during walking by an average of 20 to 25 percent and decreased stress on the legs and feet by 26 percent. The poles were especially useful for individuals who were unable to walk fast enough to attain a training heart rate, Porcari said.

The Powerbelts, which are worn around the waist and add resistance to the walker's stride, were able to raise walking calorie expenditure from 40 to 65 percent. Hand, wrist and ankle weights triggered smaller increases in calorie consumption but were said to put excessive strain on muscles over long periods of time.

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