Many vegetables as well as hundreds of processed foods, especially those containing soy or corn, are genetically modified-that is they contain genes from viruses, bacteria, insects, flowers and even animals. By altering the genetic makeup of foods, scientists can reorder a plant's DNA to create new varieties of living organisms. The goal of such a task, say researchers, is to increase crop yields while improving food quality and taste. However, opponents of GM foods argue that their use poses a threat to human health, as well as the environment because there is no mandated testing to ensure its safety.

Now, you're probably thinking that's all well and good, and you're certainly not going to buy any food injected with the genes of some animal, let alone a petunia. Or, so you think. Much of the controversy surrounding these products is that GM foods are not listed on product labels, making it not only virtually impossible to recall them if they prove harmful but also making it virtually impossible to make an informed decision when you purchase your foods.

The FDA, which regulates most food products, feels that there is no scientific evidence that foods produced through genetic alteration are any less safe than regular foods. Futhermore, the FDA and other health experts contend that no obvious health problems have resulted from consuming genetically modified foods. In fact, the American Dietetic Association believes GM foods to be "useful in enhancing the quality, nutritional value and variety of food available for human consumption and in increasing the efficiency of food production, food processing, food distribution and waste management."

Although no health concerns have been directly linked to GM foods, it is difficult to know if these foods have, in fact, altered disease rates. Problems arising from newly introduced genes to our food supply are hard to pinpoint. One obvious concern about GM foods is that they might cause allergic reactions. In one instance, a company added a common allergen, a Brazil-nut gene, to soybeans. Thanks to appropriate testing, however, the problem was discovered and the company never marketed the product.

Due to possible mishaps like the Brazil-nut scenario, consumer groups are demanding that the FDA require labels on GM foods so shoppers know what they're buying. In response to these concerns, the FDA released a proposal regarding bioengineered foods with the hope of allaying some fears. Under the new initiative, the FDA will require companies to provide research data on products with genetically altered ingredients. Currently, companies do this on a voluntary basis. Companies will be also required to inform the FDA of their plan to sell GM crops at least four months before they are introduced into the market. Consumer groups, however, aren't too pleased with the FDA's proposal since there is no word as of yet for mandatory labeling.

For now, the battle surrounding bioengineered foods wages on. It remains to be seen what exactly will happen and if environmental and consumer health concerns will be able to force the FDA to mandate GM food labeling. In the meantime, the best thing to do is stay informed. If you decide that you want to avoid GM products, buy those products made by companies that have publicly declared their non-use. Or buy certified organic foods because organic certification prohibits the use of GM seeds or organisms.

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